Stylistic analysis:
Setting:
This story is written in sub-continent, after partition of India.
Plot:
This story has linear plot. All the events are sets in series of order and this story has proper beginning, middle and end. The important parts of the plot are follows:
Introduction:
This story is about friendship and the impact of partition on it.
Story is about two friends, Jugl (a Hindu character) and Mumtaz (a Muslim character). Mumtaz migrate to Pakistan because the rude behavior of his beloved friend Jugle.
Rising of action:
When Jugle came to know that his uncle is being killed by some Muslims in Lahore and he said to his Muslim friend ‘if Hindu Muslim killings start here, I don’t know what I’ll do.’
What’ll you do? Mumtaz asked.
‘I don’t know. May be I’ll kill you,’ he had replied darkly.
Climax:
When mumtaz heard this he totally dishearten to his friend. And he decided to go to Pakistan.
The story touched the climax when mumtaz tells the story of sehai to jugle to make him clear about himself.
Falling of action:
When mumtaz figure out that it is useless to kill some one either he is Muslim or Hindu.
Characters:
All are flat characters in this story.
Narration:
There is third person omniscient narrator in this story.
Conclusion:
This story is full of emotions. This story reveals dialogue. This story has an element of tardy. This story starts with character.
This is all about partition that how it affects the humans? How those people who were best friends of each other become enemies.
This story has an open ending.
Thematic analysis:
Saadat Hasan Manto (1912-55) was a leading Urdu short-story writer of the twentieth century. He was a journalist, critic and film writer. He worked for all India radio during World War II and was a successful screen-writer in Bombay before moving to Pakistan during partition of India. During his controversial two-decade career, Manto published twenty-two collections of stories.
He had once written about himself:
“saadat hasan will die one day,
but ‘manto’ will never die”.
Combining psychoanalysis with human behavior, he was arguably one of the best short story tellers of the 20th century, and one of the most controversial as well. When it comes to chronicling the collective madness that prevailed in the Indian subcontinent, during and post the partition of India in 1947, no other writer comes close to the oeuvre of Saadat Hasan Manto.
The decade of the 1940’s was the era of two major historical catastrophes. The 2nd world war with the holocaust in Europe and partition in India affects the human psyche and it is found in that times literature. The experience shaped the consciousness of several generations both in Europe (in Hungary) and in India. The transformation of the historical experience in to works of literature is reflected in contemporary literature written in Hindi, Urdu, Panjabi, Bengali, and the Hungarian, many of writings of the Indian, Sadat Hassan Manto and the Hungarian, istvan Orkney (1912-1979) were rooted in the event of the partition and the world war. Sadat Hassan Manto, one of Urdu’s greatest short story writers – if not the greatest – became a literary colossus, a legend in his own lifetime. Those who rejected him on grounds either moral or ideological watched him grow in stature after his death. This story has been written when the fiction written with respect to riots and migration is examined.
Manto had earlier written against communal conflict, and his choice of migrating to Pakistan was impulsive; he must never have thought the partition would ruin him just when his life seemed to have achieved some stability.
A tale of 1947 is totally based on partition and the idea how it affects the Muslims and Hindus.
Even thou the beloved and closed friends their minds were badly suffered that they feel enemies of each other.
Mumtaz is Muslim character in this story and he want to migrate to Pakistan his Hindus friends couldn’t understand why he wants to go but they totally understand when one day Jugal said him if Hindu-Muslim killings start here, I don’t know what I’ll do
On asking of Mumtaz he said may be I’ll kill you.
Mumtaz who wants to go after this he decided and said to his friends that he was sailing for Karachi.
In mean time he told a story of sehai (who was a HINDU) to his friends to make himself clear in front of him.
Sehai spend his last moment of life in Mumtaz hands. And he gave him money and ornaments as a turst.
At the time of partition no body was willing to trust on any one. But sehai did.
At that time people minds were totally in chaos. The killings of their relatives make them changed. The society totally transformed.
At the end of the story the Jugle understand his friend but it was too late. The finished on open endings. There is no conclusion at the end.
The writer left this on readers to conclude the story.
new thoughts by a youngster for pakistan
